ANAL SACS

WHY IS MY PET SCOOTING?

WHAT ON EARTH ARE ANAL SACS?

Anal sacs (also called "anal glands") are two small glands just inside your pet's anus. The material secreted into these sacs is thick, oily, stinky, and is commonly described as smelling "fishy." Most wild animals can empty these glands voluntarily for scent marking or in self-defense (like a skunk might do); however, domestic animals have largely lost their ability to empty these sacs voluntarily. Walking around and normal defecation serve to empty the sacs but some animals become unable to empty their sacs on their own at all. The sacs become impacted and uncomfortable.

Dogs with impacted anal sacs usually scoot their rear on the ground in an attempt to empty the glands. Some dogs will lick their anal area and other dogs will chase their tails. Cats often lick the fur off just under their tails. Some animals are simply vaguely uncomfortable, holding their tails down, shivering, hiding or showing reluctance to walk. Strangely, some animals seem to refer their discomfort to their ears and scratch and shake their ears as if an ear infection were present.

WHAT TO DO ABOUT SCOOTING?

The first step is to check the anal sacs when any pet has a history of scooting. The anal sacs can be emptied in one of two ways:

SHOULD I DO THIS MYSELF?

Maybe not. Most people don't want to do anything like this and are more than happy to have a professional take care of it. Less squeamish pet owners may want to try it. The problem is that no matter what anal sac expression technique you use, it is not generally a one person job. Pets tend not to appreciate having their anal area manipulated and even the most docile animal may bite. Squirming, at the very least, is expected so a helper experienced in animal restraint is likely going to be needed to control the front end of the pet. All things considered, anal sac expression may be something best left to anal sac professionals.

WHAT IF SCOOTING CONTINUES?

If scooting continues for more than a few days after sac emptying, the sacs should be re-checked. For some individuals, it takes several sac emptying's in a row before the sacs stay emptied. If the sacs are empty and scooting is persisting, another cause (such as itchy skin, tapeworms, or even lower back pain) should be pursued.

WHAT HAPPENS IF AN IMPACTED SAC DOES NOT GET EMPTIED?

An abscess can form and rupture out through the skin. This is a painful, messy and smelly condition often mistaken for rectal bleeding. If an anal sac abscess forms, it must be properly treated by your veterinarian. Antibiotics and probably pain medication will be needed.

HOW OFTEN SHOULD ANAL SACS BE EMPTIED?

This is a highly individual situation. The best recommendation is to let the pet tell you when the sacs are full. If the pet starts scooting again, it is time to bring him in.

WHAT IF MY PET'S SACS SEEM TO REQUIRE EMPTYING ALL THE TIME?

To avoid the expense of having the sacs emptied, you can learn to empty them yourself at home but most people feel it is well worth having someone else perform this service. A non-invasive technique that helps some patients is a change to a high fiber diet. This will produce a bulkier stool that may be more effective in emptying the sac as it passes by. Recently, fiber supplements have been marketed for the same effect. Ask your veterinarian about fiber options for your pet.

ANAL SACCULECTOMY

If the sacs need to be emptied every few weeks or more, you may opt to have the sacs permanently removed. This is generally considered to be a relatively simple procedure by experienced surgeons but there are some pitfalls a pet owner should be aware of. The anal sac area is complicated by many local nerves controlling fecal continence and we do not want to disrupt these. Further, the fact that any change in the local musculature of the anal sphincter region can affect fecal continence and we do not want to disrupt that, either. If the anal glands have ruptured in the past, there can be a lot of scarring and the anatomy will be distorted making surgery more difficult and making preservation of the normal local structures more difficult. Draining tracts can develop after surgery if the gland is not completely removed, necessitating a second surgery. On the flip side, of course, is that anal sac expression will never again be needed.

Many people own pets for years without ever learning that anal sacs exist at all and the “wives' tale” that worms cause scooting erroneously continues. If you have further questions about anal gland disease, ask your veterinarian or click on the “Ask The Vet” link in the frame below. 

 Page last updated: 5/2/2019
Page last reviewed: 10/24/2021